In other languages if one wanted to say "I want to go" or "He needs to buy", the infinitive form of the second verb would be used (i.e. "to go" or "to buy"). To say these phrases in Romanian the speaker must use a form called the subjunctive. Speakers caught not using the subjunctive are usually dragged into the street and beaten with clubs (ciomege).
Examples of the subjunctive:
Trebuie să mergem la București. We have to go to Bucharest.
Nu pot să vorbesc ungurește. I cannot speak Hungarian.
As you can see, the subjunctive is "să + present tense". Just as with the normal present tense, the subjunctive is conjugated so personal pronouns are unnecessary.
| Trebuie să merg |
I have to go |
| Trebuie să mergi |
You have to go |
| Trebuie să meargă |
He/She has to go |
| Trebuie să mergem |
We have to go |
| Trebuie să mergeți |
You (pl) have to go |
| Trebuie să meargă |
They have to go |
("Trebuie" is like the French "il faut", meaning "it is necessary").
You may notice that the 3rd person form (meargă) is a bit different than the normal 3rd person present tense (merge). This change in the 3rd person form will be common when forming the subjunctive, but everything else stays the same.
The rules for this change in the 3rd person are fairly simple. Here are the rules and some examples using "merge", "întreba", and "vorbi"; meaning "to go", "to ask", and "to speak", respectively.
| Change |
Condition |
Example |
| e -> ea |
middle of word |
merge -> meargă |
| e -> ă |
end of word |
merge -> meargă |
| ă -> e |
end of word |
întreabă -> întrebe |
| ea -> e |
middle of word |
întreabă -> întrebe |
| ește -> ească |
end of word |
vorbește -> vorbească |
Constructions using the subjunctive are usually started with "putea", "vrea", and "trebui". Here are some example sentences containing the subjunctive.
Pot să scriu foarte bine. I can write very well.
Nu poți să citești prea bine. You cannot read too well.
Trebuie să vorbim cu el. We need to speak with him.
Trebuie să vorbească cu noi. He/She must speak with us.
Nu trebuie să plecăm mîine. We don't need to leave tomorrow.
El trebuie să plece în seara asta. He needs to leave tonight.*
Ea trebuie să plece mîine seară. She needs to leave tomorrow night.*
* The personal pronoun is used here to avoid ambiguity, as "să plece" can imply "he", "she" or "they".
Vreau să merg la Oradea. I want to go to Oradea.
Vreau să mergi la Oradea. I want you to go to Oradea.
Vrem să mergeți la Oradea. We want you all to go to Oradea.
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